Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Releases the "Smart Construction Technology Guidelines (Draft for Comments)" - BIM Applications Mentioned in Multiple Sections
WeChat Sync · Xiaowei · 2024-12-24
The following article is sourced from Huazhu Zhixin BIM
In order to implement the guiding principles of the National Conference on Housing and Urban-Rural Development, promote the application of smart construction technologies across the entire life cycle of engineering projects, and accelerate the transformation and development of the construction industry, MOHURD has issued the Guidelines for Smart Construction Technologies (Draft for Comments).
The specific contents are as follows:
01
General Provisions
1.1
Scope of Application
1.1.1 These Guidelines apply to newly built buildings for smart construction across the entire life cycle, covering engineering survey, design, production, construction, and O&M. Existing buildings undergoing reconstruction or expansion may be handled with reference to these Guidelines, as may municipal infrastructure construction.
1.2
Terms and Definitions
1.2.1 Smart Construction
intelligent construction
A human-machine collaborative construction method formed through the deep integration of new-generation information technology and industrialized construction technology.
1.2.2 Digital Survey
digital survey
Engineering survey activities that use digital technologies for mapping, exploration, testing, and experimentation, producing complete digital survey deliverables that are then applied in depth.
1.2.3 Digital Design
digital design
Design activities that use digital technologies for parametric design, collaborative design, generative design, and simulation, producing a digital expression of engineering project information that is then applied in depth.
1.2.4 Intelligent Manufacturing
intelligent manufacturing
Production activities that use industrial networks and intelligent control systems to integrate production equipment units, in accordance with production process requirements, into production equipment systems with a certain degree of self-organizing capability, thereby achieving automated and intelligent operations.
1.2.5 Intelligent Construction
intelligent construction
operation
The intelligent organization and management of workers, materials and supplies, machinery and equipment, site environment, and construction processes on site, using digital technologies and smart construction equipment.
1.2.6 Smart O&M
smart operation and
maintenance
Data-driven activities that use digital technologies and intelligent sensing equipment to manage personnel, equipment, and the environment intelligently during the building operation phase.
1.3
General Technical Requirements
1.3.1 The objective shall be to “improve quality and reduce costs”, integrating and applying, in a manner suited to local conditions, the key technology products of each stage — digital survey, digital design, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent construction, and smart O&M — so as to achieve high-benefit, high-quality, low-consumption, low-emission smart construction and raise the level of industrialized, digital, and green development in the construction industry.
1.3.2 It is necessary to integrate BIM, digital twins, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and other digital technologies into the construction industry, promote the digital transformation of the main procedures and links of engineering projects together with the digital expression of key element resources, form a coordinated and unified data system, and comprehensively raise the digitalization level of engineering construction.
1.3.3 It is necessary to adopt whole-process digital delivery, clearly defining the delivery contents, workflows, and responsibilities of each stage and link, unifying data storage, exchange, and delivery standards, complying with regulations on intellectual property protection and network data security, achieving data continuity across the entire life cycle of engineering projects, breaking down information silos, and reshaping the value of digital assets.
1.3.4 Digital design technologies shall be used to carry out forward collaborative design based on BIM for the architecture, structure, and M&E disciplines, to explore AI-assisted design, and to achieve data-driven systematic integrated design.
1.3.5 In the production of building components and parts, it is necessary to promote industrialized, digital, and intelligent production methods based on standardization, adopt digital management technologies, intelligent production lines, and intelligent logistics management, and achieve automated, efficient production.
1.3.6 On construction sites, it is necessary to promote all-round data collaboration and sharing across “people, machinery, materials, methods, and environment” as well as quality, safety, and progress; to coordinate with smart construction equipment such as construction robots; and to achieve data-driven, human-machine collaborative intelligent construction.
1.3.7 It is necessary to establish a smart O&M platform that, for scenarios such as building structural health monitoring, daily operation and maintenance, and emergency management, carries out automatic sensing, intelligent analysis, assisted decision-making, and execution with respect to the key elements of building O&M, helping to deliver a greener, low-carbon, smarter, and safer building user experience.
1.3.8 Technologies such as IoT, big data, and cloud computing shall be used to build project-level, enterprise-level, and industry-level building industry internet platforms, connecting all parties involved in engineering projects, linking the upstream and downstream industry chains of the construction sector, and achieving, among all parties across the entire industry chain, business collaboration, resource sharing, supply-demand matching, and management linkage.
1.3.9 It is advisable to adopt new project delivery models such as engineering general contracting, whole-process engineering consulting, and the architect responsibility system, integrating the application of digital technologies so as to further raise the level of construction management and safeguard investment returns, engineering quality, and operational efficiency.
02
Digital Survey
2.1
General Requirements
2.1.1 Digital technologies shall be used for the data collection, deliverable generation, quality control, deliverable application, and service expansion of engineering surveys, enabling fast and accurate collection, efficient sharing, and integrated application of data throughout the survey process.
2.1.2 A unified survey data format shall be followed so as to meet the requirements of the design and construction stages for the application and delivery of digital survey deliverables, and to support scheme analysis, optimization, and decision-making.
2.2
Survey Data Collection and Processing
2.2.1 It is advisable to use technologies such as orthophoto technology, surveying aerial photography, and photogrammetry and remote sensing to generate digital orthophoto maps (DOM), digital elevation models (DEM), digital line graphic maps (DLG), and digital raster graphic maps (DRG).
2.2.2 It is advisable to use oblique photography technology to collect multi-angle image data at survey points and, through post-processing, to perform multi-angle imaging so as to generate high-overlap imagery or reality-based 3D models that support 3D spatial measurement.
2.2.3 It is advisable to use digital technologies for links such as engineering geological investigation and mapping, exploration and sampling, engineering geophysical prospecting, in-situ testing, laboratory testing, and hydrogeological testing, so as to efficiently and accurately collect data on survey operation time, personnel, location, imagery, and deliverables, transmit them in real time to the survey data management platform, and form a survey database.
2.2.4 It is advisable to use digital technologies such as satellite navigation systems, oblique photography, airborne LiDAR scanning, and 3D laser scanning to collect data on terrain and landforms, 3D spatial elements, elevation, and appearance imagery.
2.2.5 It is advisable to use airborne LiDAR scanning technology to scan and compute the 3D coordinate values of scan points and to simulate the morphology of the measured object.
2.2.6 It is advisable to use 3D laser scanning technology to record the 3D coordinates, reflectivity, texture, and other information of dense points on the surface of the measured object, and to reconstruct the 3D model of the target together with various graphic element data such as lines, surfaces, and solids.
2.2.7 It is advisable to use intelligent drilling rigs capable of detecting and collecting data such as rotation speed, drill bit temperature, and drill bit pressure in real time for engineering survey drilling operations.
2.2.8 It is advisable to use equipment and systems with data collection, IoT sensing, real-time positioning, and wireless transmission functions for in-situ testing operations in engineering surveys.
2.2.9 It is advisable to use IoT technologies such as QR codes to manage laboratory soil test samples through whole-process coding, and to link the geological characteristics recorded during sample collection, the sampling location and depth, the sampler, and the sample type, together with data from the testing process such as sample receipt, test methods, test environment, and test results.
2.2.10 It is advisable to use methods such as automatic loading, automatic stress and strain collection, and automatic observation for the collection and retention of laboratory soil test data.
2.3
Application of Survey Data
2.3.1 It is advisable to use survey data to create a geotechnical information model for site environment simulation analysis, geological condition analysis, and geotechnical engineering design and optimization, serving as a reference basis for project site selection as well as for design and construction.
2.3.2 It is advisable to use the geotechnical information model for visualization and expression applications, including functions such as model browsing, attribute querying, virtual boreholes, virtual cross-sections, fence diagram analysis, model sectioning, foundation pit excavation, tunnel excavation, and walkthroughs.
2.3.3 It is advisable to use the geotechnical information model for analysis and evaluation applications, including geological hazard stability analysis, underground space suitability evaluation, site geotechnical condition evaluation, construction scheme feasibility evaluation, ground foundation scheme analysis, and optimization analysis of geotechnical design and construction schemes.
2.4
Delivery of Survey Data
2.4.1 Digital delivery shall be based on unified information sharing and transmission methods, adopting open-source general data formats or, alternatively, formats separately agreed according to the application requirements of the geotechnical information model.
2.4.2 The delivery contents shall include raw data related to engineering surveys — such as geographic information data, engineering drilling data, engineering geophysical prospecting data, in-situ test data, hydrogeological data, and laboratory test data — together with geotechnical investigation reports, and the like.
2.4.3 Data shall undergo structured decomposition so as to meet the needs of the delivery platform for data recognition, conversion, and translation.
2.4.4 Geographic information data shall include spatial position, attribute characteristics, and temporal characteristics.
2.4.5 Engineering drilling data shall include penetration data, stratum description data, and drilling attribute data.
2.4.6 Engineering geophysical prospecting data shall include geophysical methods, characteristic indicators, and inversion conclusions.
2.4.7 In-situ test data shall include cone penetration test data, in-hole in-situ test data, and field prototype test data.
2.4.8 Hydrogeological data shall include hydrogeological methods, test conditions, and parameters.
2.4.9 Laboratory test data shall include test data, test conditions, attribute characteristics, and characteristic indicators.
03
Digital Design
3.1
General Requirements
3.1.1 Disciplines such as architecture, structure, M&E, decoration and fit-out, and landscape gardening shall be integrated, and stages such as survey, design, production, construction, and O&M coordinated, so as to achieve whole-life-cycle integrated design of buildings, improve the overall integrity and coordination of the design, and ensure that the design depth meets production and construction requirements.
3.1.2 A forward design method shall be adopted, using the BIM model as the data carrier, so as to achieve digital delivery of engineering project design deliverables and efficient transmission and sharing of data across all disciplines and among all participating parties.
3.2
BIM Application
3.2.1 It shall be able to run through the entire life cycle of the construction project and to achieve collaborative working and information sharing among all parties involved in the construction project.
3.2.2 It is advisable to use BIM technology in the planning and scheme design stage to carry out simulation and analysis of the site environment, physical environment, entrances and exits, flows of people and vehicles, and building performance, and, from the perspectives of applicability, economy, greenness, and aesthetics, to conduct demonstration and optimization of the design scheme.
3.2.3 It is advisable to use BIM technology in the scheme communication and reporting stage to carry out virtual simulation walkthroughs of the design scheme. Based on the BIM data of each stage, and using the walkthrough and animation functions provided by the software platform, virtual animations of the building interior and exterior are produced along walkthrough routes, so that design decision-makers can intuitively experience the 3D space of the building, supporting design review and optimization of the design scheme.
3.2.4 It is advisable to use BIM technology in the preliminary design stage to carry out structural calculation and analysis, building performance analysis, and equipment and M&E design analysis, and to demonstrate the applicability, reliability, and economic rationality of the technologies.
3.2.5 The design codes and technical requirements of each discipline shall be embedded into the BIM model in the construction drawing design stage, and BIM technology shall be used to perform clash detection, 3D M&E pipeline coordination, and vertical clearance optimization, so as to resolve spatial conflicts, optimize clearance and pipeline layout schemes, and reduce drawing-interpretation errors.
3.2.6 It is advisable to use BIM technology in the detailed design stage to carry out specialized detailed design for steel structure connections, concrete structures, decoration and fit-out, precast components, curtain walls, and M&E pipelines, integrating construction operating codes and construction techniques into the construction operation model so as to meet the needs of construction operation guidance.
3.2.7 It is advisable to use BIM technology for prefabricated building design, using specialized design software to automatically optimize, mold-match, number, and produce drawings for precast components and to generate production and processing lists, thereby providing support for component design, production, and on-site assembly.
3.2.8 It is advisable to use BIM technology for interior decoration and fit-out design, using specialized design software to draw interior layout schemes, renderings, construction drawings, and material lists, and to perform real-time 3D rendering so as to optimize the design scheme.
3.3
Collaborative Design
3.3.1 A collaborative design mechanism covering the different stages of design, production, and construction shall be established, enabling the early involvement of production, construction, and O&M entities and the coordinated management of the project's scheme design, preliminary design, construction drawing design, and detailed design.
3.3.2 The division of labor, operating permissions, and management systems of personnel participating in digital design shall be clearly defined and shall be allocated and managed in a unified manner through the collaborative design platform.
3.3.3 It is advisable to adopt a collaborative design platform supporting lightweight, cloud-based, intelligent, and real-time capabilities as well as standardized file storage and exchange formats, so as to ensure data sharing and interconnection among project participants and to carry out whole-process management of collaborative design resources, enabling all participants to collaborate across the whole process and all disciplines.
3.3.4 Multi-discipline collaborative design shall be based on a unified BIM model covering architecture, structure, water supply and drainage, HVAC, electrical equipment, fire protection, curtain walls, and interior decoration and fit-out, so as to avoid problems such as “errors, omissions, clashes, and gaps” caused by poor communication within and between disciplines.
3.3.5 Standardized formats shall be used for model exchange among the various participants, ensuring the usability, integrity, and interoperability of models during exchange and achieving efficient application of models across the whole life cycle and the whole industry chain.
3.4
Intelligent Design Assistance
3.4.1 It is advisable to adopt intelligent design approaches such as parametric design and generative design to assist in creating and optimizing design schemes and construction drawing design documents, and to generate production and manufacturing information.
3.4.2 It is advisable to use intelligent design to rapidly generate conceptual planning schemes for planning design and development and construction decision-making, providing functions such as intuitive comparison of multiple schemes, real-time checking and revision, linked calculation of indicator data, and project collaboration and interaction, so as to improve design efficiency and optimize design schemes.
3.4.3 It is advisable to use intelligent review software to assist in reviewing the quality of design schemes, to perform online intelligent review, online annotation, and rapid locating of design documents, and to issue review reports.
3.5
Delivery of Design Data
3.5.1 The delivery contents shall include design data files for the architectural, structural, water supply and drainage, electrical, and HVAC disciplines, as well as for outdoor water supply and drainage.
3.5.2 Architectural design data shall be exported jointly from the construction drawing information models of the architectural discipline and, where necessary, the structural discipline, and shall include floor plans for each level, building elevations, design change information, and the like.
3.5.3 Structural design data shall be exported from the structural analysis and calculation model and the flat-method reinforcement drawings, and shall include structural design change information, overall structural information, structural member information, section information, load information, and the like.
3.5.4 Water supply and drainage design data files shall be exported from the construction drawing information model of the water supply and drainage discipline, and shall include floor plans for each level, design change information, and the like.
3.5.5 Electrical design data shall be exported jointly from the construction drawing information models of the electrical and intelligent building disciplines, and shall include floor plans for each level, design change information, and the like.
3.5.6 HVAC design data shall be exported from the construction drawing information model of the HVAC discipline, and shall include floor plans for each level, design change information, and the like.
3.5.7 Outdoor water supply and drainage design data shall be exported from the construction drawing information model for outdoor water supply and drainage, and shall include design change information and the like.
3.5.8 They shall include the status of BIM ownership, the creators, reviewers, and updaters of the model, the times at which the model was created, reviewed, and updated, and the software and versions used.
04
Intelligent Manufacturing
4.1
General Requirements
4.1.1 Focusing on key factory production process links such as reinforcement fabrication and installation, mold assembly and disassembly, concrete pouring, cutting and welding of steel members, and processing of partition wall panels and integrated kitchens and bathrooms, it is necessary to advance the digitalization of production process workflows for components and parts and the application of construction robots, to build intelligent production lines for components and parts, and to achieve continuous flow of production data, flexible manufacturing, and intelligent management.
4.1.2 A specialized, large-scale, and digital production system based on standard components shall be established, so as to realize the factory-based, digital, and intelligent production of general-purpose parts such as shaped steel members, precast concrete wall panels, composite floor slabs, precast stairs, and decorative wall panels, meeting the requirements of standardized design selection.
4.1.3 An intelligent production line shall be established through industrial networks, intelligent control systems, and production management systems, coordinating production management activities such as finite-capacity scheduling, manufacturing execution, automatic material distribution, product identification, status tracking, optimized control, intelligent dispatching, equipment operating status monitoring, and quality traceability; promoting lean management of key production links such as design, procurement, scheduling, and logistics; and achieving data-driven production, visual management and control, precise distribution, and optimal inventory management.
4.2
Digital Production Management
4.2.1 It is advisable to classify and code components and parts using identification technologies such as barcodes, QR codes, and RFID, giving components and parts a digital identity that is circulable, shareable, and extensible and that runs through the entire product life cycle, so as to achieve whole-process digital management of the production and processing, warehousing, storage, transfer, dispatch, transportation, and site acceptance of components and parts.
4.2.2 It is advisable to use data conversion plug-ins or functional modules to convert the design data of the BIM model into the data required by intelligent production equipment, and, through the production execution system, to automatically parse the bill of materials, generate management data, and transmit it to the various functional modules for production management such as planning and scheduling, material management, and yard management.
4.2.3 It is advisable to enable data interaction between the enterprise resource planning system and the production execution system: the enterprise resource planning system passes data such as production tasks, procurement information, inventory information, and material distribution plans to the production execution system, while the production execution system passes information such as production completion status, material rework, material distribution status, exceptions, and production process quality back to the enterprise resource planning system, thereby achieving integrated management of production and business operations.
4.2.4 It is advisable to achieve interconnection between the production execution system and the project's production demand plan, so that the actual production progress of components and parts is synchronized in real time with the project site, and so that the production management system carries out automated production scheduling according to orders and project requirements, supporting rapid rescheduling, rapid order replenishment, and rapid response.
4.2.5 It is advisable to use a factory material management system to achieve whole-cycle management of material inbound and outbound movements by batch, to link material supply with the production consumption information of components and parts, and to provide data support for accounting the actual consumption costs of component and part production.
4.2.6 It is advisable to use an intelligent production factory dashboard to provide an online, visual, and transparent digital display of factory elements and business operations, including modules such as capacity statistics, takt-time statistics, component and part statistics, and equipment status statistics.
4.2.7 It is advisable to use a component and part quality management system that automatically collects quality data through inspection equipment and establishes digital quality files, so as to record quality throughout the entire product life cycle and to identify factors affecting product quality, analyze and predict defects, and optimize and improve quality.
4.3
Intelligent Production Lines
4.3.1 For intelligent production lines for precast concrete components, it is advisable to use marking and oiling robots, which, based on design data, drive the marking and oiling CNC equipment pallet by pallet so as to achieve automatic outline marking of components and automatic oiling of mold pallets.
4.3.2 For intelligent production lines for precast concrete components, it is advisable to use mold stripping and setting robots, which, based on design data, drive the robots to complete the gripping, placement, and storage of side molds.
4.3.3 For intelligent production lines for precast concrete components, it is advisable to use automatic reinforcement mesh production equipment, which, based on reinforcement bill-of-materials data, drives the automatic production, storage, gripping, and placement of reinforcement mesh and lattice girders according to plan.
4.3.4 For intelligent production lines for precast concrete components, it is advisable to use an intelligent concrete dispatching system, which, according to the concrete mix ratio, component production volume, and required concrete arrival times calculated from the production takt issued by the central control system, automatically plans the concrete production timeline, drives the batching plant control system to prepare materials according to the mix ratio, and drives the conveying equipment to receive materials on time and to arrive and discharge punctually.
4.3.5 For intelligent production lines for precast concrete components, it is advisable to use an intelligent concrete placer, which plans the optimal path according to the component outline, thickness, and volume information issued by the central control system. It is advisable to adopt multiple closed-loop adaptive control of component position, placing weight, speed, and acceleration, so as to achieve automatic and uniform placement of concrete of different slump values, automatically avoid reinforcement, openings, and auxiliary parts, and precisely fill corners and gaps.
4.3.6 For intelligent production lines for precast concrete components, it is advisable to use intelligent quality inspection equipment, which, through high-precision 3D point cloud scanning, feature recognition, and rapid point cloud computation technologies, achieves automated quality inspection of concealed acceptance procedures and compares the results with the BIM model data so as to automatically generate inspection results.
4.3.7 For intelligent production lines for steel members, it is advisable to use equipment such as plate machining centers, laser cutting centers, and fully automatic straight-line cutting machines to achieve automatic positioning and calibration, automatic spacing, and automatic cutting, efficiently completing the cutting of parts and main materials.
4.3.8 For intelligent production lines for steel members, it is advisable to use intelligent groove-cutting robots, strip plate groove forming machines, and planar drilling machines, which, through offline programming and 3D scanning technology, automatically complete the cutting of various types of grooves.
4.3.9 For intelligent production lines for steel members, it is advisable to use 3D scanning technology to identify, inspect, and classify parts, and, through “5G + ultra-wideband” positioning technology, to complete intelligent delivery of parts to designated workstations.
4.3.10 For intelligent production lines for steel members, it is advisable to establish integrated assembly and welding workstations equipped with jacking devices for automatic loading and unloading, turnover positioners, and other equipment, so as to achieve unmanned production of steel structure assembly and welding procedures, automatic part identification, automatic calibration of assembly positions, and automatic completion of assembly and welding work.
4.3.11 For intelligent processing lines for reinforcement products, it is advisable to use automatic reinforcement processing equipment and digital systems to intelligently optimize process workflows such as reinforcement cutting and nesting optimization, reinforcement forming and finished-product processing, and quality inspection, packaging, and delivery, so as to achieve digital management and control of the ordering, processing, and delivery of reinforcement products and to reduce material loss.
4.3.12 For intelligent production lines for prefabricated interior fit-out panels, it is advisable to use a digital production management system to drive equipment such as gantry manipulators, powered rollers, panel turners, intelligent transfer machines, and rail-guided vehicles, so that components and parts are automatically transported to the next process according to the production takt.
4.3.13 For intelligent production lines for decorative panels, it is advisable to use a panel wrapping system to achieve precise panel positioning and automated gluing, laminating, and cutting, improving wrapping efficiency.
4.3.14 For intelligent production lines for decorative panels, it is advisable to integrate technologies such as loading and unloading manipulators, infrared leveling machines, high-precision printers, and dryers, so as to achieve automatic panel loading and unloading, digital inkjet printing, roller coating of paints, and other intelligent coating operations.
4.4
Intelligent Logistics Management
4.4.1 An intelligent logistics management system shall be adopted to coordinate logistics work such as ordering and receiving management of components and parts, logistics status tracking, intelligent dispatching, delivery confirmation, and data traceability.
4.4.2 Intelligent yard equipment such as automatic palletizers, automatic panel-lifting palletizing equipment, and dedicated self-loading and unloading transport vehicles for components shall be used to complete the automatic gripping, transfer, and placement of products within the factory, so as to achieve automated operations in warehousing and logistics.
4.4.3 It is advisable to use intelligent transportation dispatching technology to achieve logistics distribution management and centralized dynamic control of vehicles and goods, and to link road traffic information, route guidance, weather conditions, and other information, providing a decision-making basis for formulating optimized transportation plans.
4.4.4 It is necessary to use component and part identification technology, so that, by scanning QR codes, components and parts are identified in the yard and loaded to form shipping notes; on the construction site, component and part information is identified, installation location information is obtained through lightweight models, and code-scanning work reporting is supported.
4.5
Delivery of Production Data
4.5.1 A complete digital delivery standard for production information shall be established, clearly specifying delivery contents, depth requirements, data interface requirements, security requirements, and workflow and deliverable requirements.
4.5.2 The delivery contents shall include data such as product manufacturing contracts, production process records, and certificates of conformity.
4.5.3 It is advisable to manage digital delivery deliverables through a management platform, to build a data model in accordance with the data delivery standard, to ensure that the data model covers the data delivery contents, and to use it to guide subsequent data collection.
4.5.4 It is advisable to use the BIM model as the basis, to establish the association between data and the model, to link product production process data through the model, and to achieve integrated delivery, acceptance, and archiving of data and models.
05
Intelligent Construction
5.1
General Requirements
5.1.1 It is necessary to prepare a dedicated implementation plan for smart construction, to use BIM technology to carry out detailed design of sub-divisional works, and to use construction simulation technology to analyze and optimize construction organization designs and complex construction schemes, so as to achieve visualized technical briefing.
5.1.2 New technologies such as BIM, big data, cloud computing, IoT, mobile communications, artificial intelligence, and blockchain shall be applied so as to raise the level of digitalization and intelligence in construction.
5.1.3 At key links and critical locations, assisted operations using construction robots and intelligent equipment shall be promoted.
5.2
Data-Driven Construction Management
5.2.1 On the basis of the design-stage BIM model and the production-stage BIM model, the construction BIM model shall be obtained through further deepening, and shall drive construction-related operations and management.
5.2.2 It is advisable to use BIM technology to simulate, analyze, and optimize construction organization schemes, including overall site layout planning, construction sequence simulation and optimization, construction progress simulation and resource allocation optimization, and comparison and selection of special construction schemes, so as to achieve a reasonable layout of the construction site and smooth coordination of construction procedures.
5.2.3 It is advisable to use BIM technology to assist in simulating and analyzing material usage on the construction site and, combined with the actual quantities of work during construction, to achieve precise management of cost data such as quantities of work, quantities of materials, and labor inputs.
5.2.4 It is advisable to use BIM, 3D scanning, image recognition, and radar imaging technologies to carry out construction accuracy simulation and virtual pre-assembly for complex structures, to fit and match them with the information model, to obtain target control values, and to guide construction.
5.2.5 It is advisable to integrate and apply technologies such as attendance turnstiles, electronic fencing, and high-definition facial recognition cameras, so that smart access control automatically verifies the entry permissions of personnel entering the site, links their work records during construction, and verifies their on-site presence from multiple dimensions, thereby ensuring that the real-name management data for construction labor personnel is authentic and reliable.
5.2.6 It is advisable to use a digital management platform to carry out electronic work assignment for construction labor personnel, to automatically verify work-ticket data and real-name attendance data, and to automatically generate payroll statements; after online confirmation by the worker, the project, and the enterprise, payments are made online, ensuring that wages are paid in full each month directly to each worker's bank card.
5.2.7 It is advisable to use positioning technology, embedding chips in safety helmets, so as to enable location sharing and trajectory recording for on-site workers and to improve the controllability of site personnel.
5.2.8 Technologies such as video surveillance and image detection and recognition shall be used to inspect and patrol the safety behavior of on-site personnel and to issue reminders and alerts for behaviors such as failing to wear safety helmets and carrying out rule-breaking hazardous operations, so as to improve on-site safety management.
5.2.9 Data such as material and supply reports, progress schedules, and change contents shall be added to and refined in the building information model, which shall automatically output lists of the materials and supplies consumed by completed works as well as lists of those required in the future, so as to achieve collaborative management of materials and supplies together with construction progress.
5.2.10 An intelligent weighbridge system shall be adopted to automatically record the quantities and times of bulk materials such as concrete entering and leaving the site and to print weighing vouchers, on the basis of which bulk materials are settled according to actual usage, reducing material loss and waste caused by wastage and poor management.
5.2.11 IoT technologies such as QR codes shall be used to identify incoming materials by scanning and to count incoming materials automatically, so as to achieve whole-process management of code-scanned inbound, outbound, and stocktaking of materials and supplies.
5.2.12 It is advisable to install intelligent environmental monitoring devices to monitor parameters such as smoke, noise, and dust on the construction site, to issue automatic alarms, and to trigger relevant linkage measures.
5.2.13 It is advisable to install automatic sprinkler control devices to monitor and analyze the collected environmental data in real time and to intelligently control the starting and stopping of sprinkler devices, so as to reduce dust pollution on the construction site.
5.2.14 It is advisable to install intelligent water level monitoring devices to monitor the water level in deep foundation pits and the upstream and downstream water levels, and to provide automatic alarms.
5.2.15 An intelligent lighting system shall be installed to provide timed, location-specific, and quantity-controlled lighting of on-site work areas, so as to reduce energy loss and control project costs.
5.2.16 It is necessary to install smart electricity meters to monitor data such as fault residual current, overcurrent, voltage, and temperature.
5.2.17 It is necessary to install harmful gas monitoring instruments to monitor toxic and harmful gases and to provide automatic alarms.
5.3
Intelligent Construction of Ground and Foundation Works
5.3.1 Engineering surveying technologies such as oblique photography, laser measurement, and point cloud scanning shall be adopted and, together with equipment such as UAVs, used to assist in surveying for ground and foundation works, construction setting-out, automatic extraction of elevation points, and automatic calculation of excavation and backfill volumes.
5.3.2 Intelligent equipment or construction robots driven by BIM data shall be used for assisted construction, including setting-out and marking, pile foundation construction, earthwork excavation, and reinforcement processing, so as to improve construction quality, efficiency, and safety.
5.3.3 It is advisable to use intelligent monitoring equipment to monitor the adaptive force, deformation, and control force of foundation pits and slopes, concrete temperature, and groundwater level, with monitoring data fed in real time into the collaborative construction platform so as to achieve automated analysis and early warning.
5.4
Intelligent Construction of the Main Structure
5.4.1 BIM technology shall be used to carry out drawing review meetings, detailed design, construction simulation, visualized technical briefing, and multi-discipline coordination, so as to achieve the transformation of 2D drawings into 3D models, avoid problems such as “errors, omissions, clashes, and gaps”, and improve the quality and efficiency of review.
5.4.2 It is advisable to use intelligent mechanical equipment such as integrated smart construction equipment platforms, smart tower cranes, smart construction hoists, and smart transport vehicles for main structure construction.
5.4.3 It is advisable to use intelligent construction equipment or construction robots driven by BIM data for assisted construction, including surveying and setting-out, component hoisting, automatic component positioning, concrete placing, concrete finishing, reinforcement tying, and automatic grouting, so as to improve construction quality, efficiency, and safety.
5.4.4 It is advisable to use intelligent monitoring equipment to monitor high formwork supports, scaffolding, unloading platforms, mass concrete, tower cranes, construction hoists, concrete pumping equipment, concrete placers, and vibrating equipment, and to collect their operating data in real time, so as to achieve information exchange and sharing, work collaboration, intelligent decision analysis, and proactive risk control with other systems.
5.4.5 It is advisable to use intelligent inspection tools such as automated measurement robots and smart rebound hammers to inspect the in-place quality of main structure works, so as to achieve automated data collection, analysis, and early warning.
5.4.6 It is advisable to use a reusable, intelligent standard curing room for concrete test blocks, so as to achieve digital management of the making, curing, and testing of concrete specimens.
5.4.7 It is advisable to use a convenient, automated, and intelligent concrete pouring equipment system, so as to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of concrete pouring.
5.4.8 It is advisable to use intelligent construction equipment such as integral steel platform formwork systems equipped with intelligent regulation and control, intelligent safety monitoring, and visual control, for the construction of cast-in-place high-rise or tall structures.
5.4.9 On the basis of the BIM model, intelligent processing of precast components such as steel structures and precast concrete shall be carried out, and 3D laser scanning technology shall be used for the quality acceptance of precast components. In addition, technologies such as RFID and QR codes shall be used for quality traceability of the processing, transportation, hoisting, and installation procedures of precast components.
5.4.10 It is necessary to use mechanized, automated, and intelligent installation equipment and management systems to achieve rapid positioning and precise installation of precast components.
5.4.11 It is necessary to use a convenient, high-turnover, and automated vertical shoring system to replace the traditional frame-shoring working method.
5.4.12 It is necessary to use new-type intelligent grouting equipment and management platforms to connect grout sleeves and to safeguard grouting quality.
5.4.13 It is advisable to carry out whole-process visual monitoring of steel structure construction so as to achieve intelligent control.
5.4.14 It is necessary to combine model information of the on-site receiving and positioning locations and to use mathematical algorithms to carry out pre-installation analysis of steel structure members at large, important, and critical locations.
5.4.15 It is necessary to use pre-assembly technology for steel structure members based on BIM and IoT to improve the on-site installation quality of steel structures.
5.4.16 Intelligent surveying equipment such as 3D scanning shall be used to monitor and control deformation during steel structure construction, so as to safeguard construction quality.
5.4.17 It is necessary to use automatic sensing equipment and systems such as intelligent safety ropes to safeguard the safety of workers operating at height.
5.4.18 It is advisable to use intelligent tools such as smart torque wrenches to precisely control the torque, angle, rotation speed, and other parameters of timber structure construction, so as to ensure engineering quality.
5.4.19 BIM technology shall be used to lay out the secondary structures of masonry works, such as construction columns, ring beams, lintels, and guide walls, and to carry out detailed design of masonry layout and opening reservations. It is advisable to adopt AI-based masonry structure detailing technology so as to achieve automatic layout of masonry components such as bricks and blocks.
5.4.20 It is necessary to select mobile intelligent masonry equipment and, through human-machine collaboration, effectively improve the efficiency of masonry structure construction.
5.5
Intelligent Construction of Envelope Structures
5.5.1 It is necessary to use BIM technology to carry out detailed design, clash detection, layout, material cutting, and construction simulation, so as to improve construction quality and efficiency.
5.5.2 It is advisable to use construction robots and intelligent equipment driven by BIM model data for assisted construction, including setting-out and marking, material handling, masonry, plastering, tile laying, spraying, component transportation and installation, work at height, and external wall construction, so as to improve construction quality and efficiency.
5.5.3 It is advisable to use automated measurement robots and other intelligent inspection tools to inspect the in-place quality of envelope structure works, achieving automated data collection, analysis, and early warning.
5.5.4 It is advisable to use automated monitoring technology to monitor envelope structure construction, achieving automated data collection, analysis, and early warning.
5.6
Intelligent Construction of Decoration and Fit-Out Works
5.6.1 It is necessary to use BIM, artificial intelligence, and other technologies to carry out detailed design, clash detection, fit-out layout, construction simulation, and material cutting, so as to improve construction quality and efficiency.
5.6.2 It is advisable to use the BIM detailed design model data to drive the industrialized and modular production and processing of materials related to decoration and fit-out works, so as to improve project quality.
5.6.3 It is necessary to use prefabricated interior fit-out component integration technology, mainly including integrated bathroom systems, integrated kitchen systems, raised access floor systems, partition and wall surface systems, integrated ceiling systems, and equipment and pipeline systems, so as to improve project quality.
5.6.4 It is necessary to use BIM model-data-driven assisted construction by construction robots and intelligent equipment, including surveying and setting-out, plastering, tile laying, floor grinding, floor painting, putty application, and emulsion paint spraying, so as to improve construction quality and efficiency.
5.6.5 It is necessary to use intelligent inspection tools such as automated measurement robots to inspect the in-place quality of decoration and fit-out works, achieving automated data collection, analysis, and early warning.
5.6.6 It is necessary to use BIM, VR, AR, and other technologies to achieve 3D visualization display of decoration effects.
5.7
Intelligent Construction of M&E Works
5.7.1 It is necessary to use BIM technology to carry out modular design, detailed design of integrated pipelines, clash detection, reservations and embedments, and construction simulation, so as to improve construction quality and efficiency.
5.7.2 It is advisable to use the BIM detailed design model data to drive the industrialized and modular production and processing of materials related to M&E works, so as to improve project quality.
5.7.3 It is advisable to use BIM model-data-driven construction robots and intelligent equipment for assisted construction, including positioning and drilling and bracket installation, so as to improve installation efficiency.
5.7.4 It is advisable to use intelligent inspection equipment to inspect the in-place quality of M&E works and to carry out smart commissioning, achieving automated data collection, analysis, and early warning.
5.8
Application of Smart Construction Equipment and Construction Robots
5.8.1 The application of smart construction equipment throughout the whole construction process shall be coordinated, taking comprehensive account of factors such as the construction operation characteristics, cost input, and benefit output of smart construction equipment, and clearly defining the application requirements and site-entry plans for such equipment.
5.8.2 It is advisable to use an intelligent jacking integrated construction platform that integrates construction equipment such as suspended concrete placers, horizontal transport equipment, sound insulation and noise reduction devices, IoT sensing and communication equipment, construction robots, and equipment control and monitoring platforms, so as to achieve collaborative operations for reinforcement tying, formwork jacking, formwork installation, concrete pouring and curing, and other auxiliary procedures.
5.8.3 The BIM model shall be used as the basis for construction robots and other smart construction equipment in their collaborative operation, path planning, navigation, and dispatching.
5.8.4 It is necessary to use UAVs for aerial photography to perform calculations related to site leveling, foundation pit excavation, and fill earthwork volumes, to intuitively display construction site progress, and to generate 3D reality-based models of the construction site for different time periods.
5.8.5 It is advisable to use an intelligent rotary drilling rig to achieve automatic positioning and construction path planning, to optimize construction procedures and pile position layout, and to intelligently select operating parameters.
5.8.6 It is advisable to use a follow-up concrete placer, which automatically controls the movement of the placer's main and jib arms through algorithms, assisting workers in operating the placer.
5.8.7 It is necessary to use intelligent construction hoists for the vertical transportation of construction personnel and materials, providing overload and oversize identification, cage-top anti-collision, landing-door anti-pinch, dual-cage linkage, and fault diagnosis alerts.
5.8.8 It is necessary to use 5G, intelligent remote control systems, and sensors for angle, radius, and lifted load on tower cranes, so as to remotely operate tower cranes for hoisting operations in high-rise and super high-rise buildings and in other harsh construction environments.
5.8.9 It is advisable to use handling robots for material transport operations, which, through data networking with intelligent hoists, achieve automatic navigation, pallet fork handling, and obstacle recognition.
5.8.10 Leveling robots, screeding robots, and power-troweling robots shall be used in combination for large-area floor concrete pouring, achieving fully automated operation and high-precision construction through technologies such as intelligent laser leveling algorithms and intelligent swing-arm algorithms.
5.8.11 It is necessary to use floor grinding, floor paint application, and basement parking bay line-marking robots for large-area epoxy floor paint construction, achieving automatic path planning and navigation, mixed discharge, precise material distribution, autonomous obstacle avoidance, automatic cable reeling, and automatic dust extraction.
5.8.12 It is advisable to use spraying robots for exterior wall paint spraying on relatively regular building facades, achieving automatic planning of operating paths and automatic spraying of primer, intermediate coat, topcoat, and clear coat.
5.8.13 It is necessary to use strip panel installation robots for the installation of large-size strip panels, achieving fully automated installation operations including panel gripping, lifting, rotation, travel, alignment, and mortar squeezing.
5.8.14 It is necessary to use wall surface treatment robots for large-area, relatively regular interior wall construction, achieving automated operations for substrate grinding, putty application and smoothing, and paint spraying.
5.8.15 It is advisable to use waterproof membrane installation robots for relatively regular, large-area roof and underground waterproof membrane installation, achieving automated laying that integrates control, travel, trajectory correction, heating of the membrane and the ground, and compaction and paving.
5.8.16 According to the usage needs of smart construction equipment, supporting facilities such as storerooms, charging stations, cleaning stations, transport transfer stations, walking passages, and designated stacking areas shall be provided.
5.8.17 It is necessary to use handheld intelligent reinforcement tying machines to replace manual reinforcement tying operations.
5.9
Delivery of Construction Data
5.9.1 A digital delivery plan shall be formulated. The delivery contents include models (architectural models, structural models, M&E models, and the like), drawings, bills of quantities, and information on the hydrology, geology, and meteorology of the project environment; and the data requirements, duties and authorities, and delivery schedule of digital delivery shall be clearly defined.
5.9.2 It is advisable to use domestically developed BIM models for digital delivery. The model includes model unit classification, geometric information, attribute information, attribute values, and information sources; the data format, model architecture, and level of detail of the model shall meet the O&M requirements of the project owner, ensuring that model data is secure and controllable.
5.9.3 An information platform shall be used to store and manage construction process records centrally online; the platform shall provide functions such as automatic classification, archiving, and querying, so as to achieve whole-process management data delivery for engineering archives.
5.9.4 Engineering records shall be ensured to be formed in step with construction progress, and electronic form documents shall be prepared using technologies such as electronic seals and signatures in accordance with regulations.
06
Smart O&M
6.1
General Requirements
6.1.1 Based on the as-built acceptance BIM model and combined with O&M-related information, the BIM O&M model shall be obtained by updating and shall be used to build a smart O&M platform.
6.1.2 Data on key elements such as project personnel, equipment, and energy consumption shall be collected automatically, providing management capabilities such as personnel management, equipment monitoring, and energy consumption monitoring, and offering decision support for basic equipment information management, online operation monitoring, and daily O&M. This achieves data bearing, autonomous decision-making, and automatic control of terminal equipment.
6.2
Smart O&M Platform
6.2.1 It is advisable to base on digital twin technology, combined with the City Information Model (CIM) basic platform, and to comprehensively use technologies such as IoT, intelligent sensing, big data, and artificial intelligence. By connecting the widely distributed smart IoT devices within a building, real-time collection, aggregation, and analysis of on-site personnel, equipment, and environmental data are achieved, providing functions such as indoor people-flow distribution monitoring, equipment fault diagnosis, and energy consumption anomaly alerts.
6.2.2 It is advisable to base on the BIM model to integrate intelligent systems such as the building fire protection system, security system, building equipment management system, building automation system, video surveillance system, and smart parking system.
6.2.3 Based on the BIM model, technologies such as 3D graphics engines shall be comprehensively used to achieve basic functions such as visualization effect display of systems and equipment, supporting remote access and viewing by users, engineers, O&M managers, and others through terminals.
6.3
Building Structural Health Monitoring
6.3.1 It is necessary to use on-site, non-destructive, and real-time methods to collect environmental and structural information, to analyze the various characteristics of structural response, and to capture changes in the structure caused by environmental factors, damage, or deterioration.
6.3.2 Technologies such as the BeiDou satellite navigation system, big data, computer vision, and 3D laser scanning shall be used to monitor data on building structural displacement, settlement, tilt, temperature, frequency, and cracks, and to connect video imagery and meteorological bureau data, so as to achieve rapid structural safety early warning and health assessment of buildings.
6.3.3 A building structural health monitoring system shall be established and shall be operated, maintained, and managed, including daily management, periodic inspection and maintenance, and handling of abnormalities.
6.3.4 According to the monitoring requirements and monitoring purposes, and taking into account the characteristics of the monitored object and the surrounding environment, a building structure monitoring plan shall be prepared.
6.3.5 Building structural health monitoring instruments and equipment shall meet the requirements of monitoring content and monitoring accuracy, with non-destructive or non-contact monitoring equipment given priority.
6.3.6 Building structural health monitoring shall be tailored to the type of building structure, and the monitoring content shall include deformation, stress and strain, environment, and the like.
6.3.7 The content of observation records shall be authentic and complete; electronic records shall be stored in full on reliable media, and process records shall be backed up promptly.
6.3.8 Monitoring data shall be compiled, checked, and analyzed promptly; when abnormal data appear, on-site verification or re-measurement shall be carried out.
6.4
Daily Operation and Maintenance
6.4.1 The video surveillance system shall be used to carry out visitor entry and exit management, personnel attendance, real-time monitoring, movement trajectory tracking, and the like.
6.4.2 The geometric information, inherent information, and operating information of equipment within the building (lighting, power supply and distribution, elevators, air conditioning, ground-source heat pump units, water meters, and the like) shall be integrated, so as to provide information viewing, maintenance and servicing, fault alerting and handling of equipment.
6.4.3 Monitoring systems and equipment such as smart power monitoring systems, smart water meters, and smoke alarms shall be used to carry out real-time monitoring of building energy consumption, to achieve energy consumption data analysis for specific areas, periods, floors, and rooms, to issue real-time alerts for abnormal energy consumption, and to carry out timely remote regulation, control, and management.
6.5
Emergency Management
6.5.1 It is advisable to use a smart building visualization system to provide automatic alarms for abnormal status of the many systems and pieces of equipment such as building automation, fire protection, security, energy, elevator control, parking, lighting, and access control.
6.5.2 It is advisable to use modern information technologies such as IoT, big data, and cloud computing, combined with equipment such as automatic fire alarm devices, electrical fire monitoring devices, and smoke detectors, so as to collect fire protection information dynamically in real time and to achieve intelligent fire alerting and management.
6.5.3 It is advisable to use a smart power distribution monitoring system that connects smart distribution boxes and electrical equipment over a network, so as to achieve intelligent monitoring and analysis of indoor building electricity use as well as identification and control of electricity-use risks.
END
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Zhuwei Architectural Technology is a new-type technical services company specializing in integrated design optimization, BIM consulting and prefabricated construction design consulting. Our team brings together senior engineers from leading design institutes, former executives of real-estate companies, BIM engineers and prefabrication engineers, delivering integrated design optimization, refined drawing review, BIM consulting with MEP detailing, and prefabricated design services.
Design optimization consulting: Positioned as an extension and complement to the design management of real-estate developers, we focus on consulting and optimization for civil buildings. Across the whole process — or at key stages required by the client — we control the economy, rationality and safety of the design, eliminating unnecessary cost while measurably improving drawing quality, achieving "lower cost, higher efficiency".
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