Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau | Achieving Independent and Controllable BIM Systems; the Shenzhen Smart Construction Technology Catalog (Third Edition) Issued

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I. Digital Design

(1) Independently Controllable BIM Systems

These systems are applicable to BIM modeling and application in construction projects. Developed on an independently controllable 3D graphics engine, they can output data formats that comply with the Shenzhen BIM data storage standards as well as common model file formats, and they provide modeling, drawing production, rendering, analysis, simulation and presentation functions. They incorporate data security protection mechanisms and meet the requirements for BIM technology application in the design phase. They can be extended to control the progress, cost and quality of construction projects during the construction phase, and to manage equipment and facilities, spaces and assets during the O&M phase. An independently controllable 3D graphics engine is equipped with fundamental data structures and modeling algorithms, and can generate model files in which geometric graphics, geometric modeling, geometric information and non-geometric information are interlinked.

(2) BIM Component Library

These systems are applicable to providing component resources for BIM modeling and application in construction projects of all types. They hold standardized and universal component resources that comply with BIM delivery standards and modeling requirements (including architectural, structural, M&E equipment and interior fit-out components), which serve as the basic units for design, production, transportation and installation and enable cross-disciplinary, multi-user interactive operation within a single system. They support the management, updating, downloading, copying and editing of BIM components, as well as batch addition and assignment of attributes, and they incorporate data security protection mechanisms.

(3) Digital Site Investigation

These technologies are applicable to whole-process site investigation management for construction projects of all types. Using network communications, BIM, IoT, cloud computing, UAVs, oblique photogrammetry and other technologies, they digitally collect, intelligently analyze and visually present geological information data. They provide functions such as exploration and construction management, geological data management, automatic generation of investigation reports and intelligent analysis of geological issues, enabling fast and accurate data collection, efficient control and end-to-end application across the whole site investigation workflow. They incorporate data security protection mechanisms.

(4) Design for Manufacture and Assembly

These technologies are applicable to the integrated, whole-process design of prefabricated building projects. By fully considering the manufacturing and on-site assembly requirements of components and modular units during the design phase, and by using artificial intelligence, cloud computing, parametric design and other technologies, they achieve design for manufacture and assembly. The design outputs are applied to factory production and processing to guide the efficient production of components and modular units, and are linked to construction site management to promote their rapid installation, thereby raising the construction standard of building projects.

(5) AI-Assisted Design

These technologies are applicable to the schematic design, preliminary design or construction drawing design stages of construction projects, where they automatically complete part of the design work. Using artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other technologies, they provide functions such as drawing recognition and modeling, automated maximum-density site layout for existing plots, intelligent generation of typical building floors, intelligent design of residential unit plans, intelligent design of building curtain walls, intelligent structural reinforcement detailing, intelligent design of M&E equipment, and intelligent comprehensive pipeline routing. Driven by data and algorithms, they generate design scenario options as references for designers, improving design quality and efficiency.

(6) BIM-Based Design Collaboration

These technologies are applicable to multi-party, multi-disciplinary BIM design collaboration and management during the design of construction projects. Based on the Shenzhen standards for BIM design delivery and data storage, and deeply integrated with project design software, they provide functions such as design input submission, joint review of drawings and models, cloud management, lightweight browsing and online annotation. They can effectively integrate design resources, support real-time display of revisions made during engineering design or document preparation across all disciplines and stages of a project, and achieve efficient multi-disciplinary collaboration through BIM models.

(7) Automated Detailed Design

These technologies are applicable to the automated detailed design of precast components and M&E works in construction projects. Using BIM, network communications, IoT and other technologies, they automatically optimize precast components, configure their molds, assign them numbers and produce their drawings, and generate production and processing lists, providing support for precast component production and on-site assembly. Through specialized design software, they produce 3D construction drawings and fabrication drawings such as embedding and reservation drawings for M&E works, comprehensive pipeline routing drawings, pipeline section drawings, and plant room equipment and pipeline layout drawings, resolving issues of equipment and pipeline arrangement, comprehensive pipeline clashes and system compatibility, and providing support for M&E construction.

(8) Intelligent Review of Design Deliverables

These technologies are applicable to reviewing whether the design documents of construction projects comply with national and local policies and regulations and with the requirements of relevant standards and codes. With built-in policy and regulatory provisions and engineering construction standard clauses, they use artificial intelligence review algorithms to review the design documents of construction projects automatically, providing functions such as file upload, online viewing, online intelligent review, online annotation, rapid positioning and issuance of review opinions. BIM-based intelligent review of design deliverables should achieve integrated 2D and 3D review.

II. Smart Production

(1) Digital Management Platforms for Smart Factories

These platforms are applicable to the digital management of smart factories. Using network communications, IoT, cloud computing and other technologies, they interface with BIM design data and integrate application systems such as production management systems, manufacturing execution systems, supplier management systems, warehouse management systems and transportation management systems. They provide functions including production planning management, production process control, product quality management, production inventory management, transport vehicle management and project progress management, and they incorporate data security protection mechanisms, achieving digital control and lean production in factory manufacturing.

(2) Smart Production of Precast Concrete Components

These technologies are applicable to the production of precast concrete components. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they can automatically adjust the dimensions of reinforcement mesh cage structures, ribbed concrete composite slabs and precast prestressed double-T slabs, improving the production efficiency and quality of precast concrete components.

(3) Smart Production of Steel Components

These technologies are applicable to the production of steel components. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, the cutting and blanking stage can be fully unmanned and intelligently monitored; the primary processing stage of steel components (assembly, welding and straightening) can achieve fully automatic turning and online straightening; in the secondary processing stage (drilling, sawing and locking), control software can automatically identify the machining path of different workpieces; and final assembly welding can achieve full-angle turning and positioning, with algorithm-based programming-free or automatically programmed welding following the process logic, after which the assembled parts can be automatically sorted, conveyed and stored. All of this improves the production efficiency and quality of steel components.

(4) Smart Production of Concrete Modular Buildings

These technologies are applicable to the production of modular units for concrete modular buildings. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they provide precise mold positioning, precise material dosing, automatic loading and unloading and automated quality inspection, improving the production efficiency and quality of concrete modular units.

(5) Smart Production of Steel-Structure Modular Buildings

These technologies are applicable to the production of modular units for steel-structure modular buildings. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they achieve integrated and intelligent whole-process production of steel-structure modular units, including automatic loading and unloading, handling, welding, spraying, quality inspection and unmanned warehousing, improving the production efficiency and quality of steel-structure modular units.

(6) Smart Production of Steel-Concrete Composite Modular Buildings

These technologies are applicable to the production of modular units for steel-concrete composite modular buildings. By integrating smart equipment for automated and digital production, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they achieve integrated and intelligent whole-process production of steel-concrete composite modular units, including automatic loading and unloading, handling, welding, slab laying and quality inspection, improving the production efficiency and quality of steel-concrete composite modular units.

(7) Smart Production of Integrated Bathroom Units

These technologies are applicable to the production of ceiling panels, wall panels and waterproof trays for integrated bathroom units. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they achieve integrated and intelligent whole-process production of integrated bathroom products, including automatic coding, CNC turret punching, bending, gripping, alignment, material injection, curing and forming, and self-inspection and offloading, improving the production efficiency and quality of integrated bathroom units.

(8) Smart Production of Doors, Windows and Curtain Walls

These technologies are applicable to the production of stick-system curtain walls and unitized curtain walls, as well as aluminum alloy doors and windows and uPVC doors and windows. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they achieve integrated and intelligent whole-process production, including automatic profile cutting and blanking, milling and drilling, and automatic double-head corner assembly of frames, improving the production efficiency and quality of doors, windows and curtain walls.

(9) Smart Production of Interior Fit-out Panels

These technologies are applicable to the production of interior fit-out panels. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they achieve integrated and intelligent whole-process production of interior fit-out panels, including automatic loading and unloading, gluing and lamination, assembly, inspection, and packaging and warehousing, improving the production efficiency and quality of interior fit-out panels.

(10) Smart Production of Prefabricated M&E Modules

These technologies are applicable to the production of prefabricated M&E modular units. By integrating smart equipment such as robotic arms (manipulators), high-precision positioners and human-machine interaction devices, and by using mechanical control, intelligent analysis and perception systems, machine vision and other technologies, they achieve integrated and intelligent whole-process production of prefabricated M&E modular products, including automatic loading and unloading, fit-up, connection welding, spraying and quality inspection, improving the production efficiency and quality of prefabricated M&E modular units.

III. Smart On-site Construction

(1) Digital Management Platforms for Construction Sites

These systems are applicable to the digital management of construction sites for construction projects. Centered on the key elements of personnel, machinery, materials, methods and environment at the construction site, and using BIM, IoT, artificial intelligence, mobile internet and other technologies, they collect, analyze and process key element data in real time and provide warning feedback. They offer functions such as project management, green construction management, construction machinery management, engineering materials management, energy consumption management, video surveillance management, workforce management and comprehensive management of participating enterprises, and they incorporate data security protection mechanisms, achieving visualized, standardized, refined and intelligent control of construction.

(2) Construction Simulation

These technologies are applicable to construction simulation before the start of construction on a project. Centered on the key elements of personnel, machinery, materials, methods and environment required for construction, and using BIM, 3D laser scanning, image recognition, specialized calculation software and other technologies, they simulate and optimize construction organization plans, carry out construction accuracy simulation and virtual pre-assembly for complex structures, and simulate and analyze on-site material quantities and costs, achieving refined management of construction sequences, progress and costs.

(3) Construction Safety Monitoring

These technologies are applicable to safety monitoring of the main structure, the ground foundations and the surrounding environment (above-ground facilities such as buildings, structures and traffic roads, as well as underground pipelines) during the construction of construction projects. Using IoT, satellite, and sensing and detection technologies, they monitor the values and changes of safety control parameters for the main structure, excavation pits, slopes, retaining works and the surrounding environment over a given period during construction, assess or predict safety conditions, and provide a reference for safety risk prevention and control. Monitoring data are linked to the digital site management platform, where they are processed, stored and analyzed, and corresponding quantitative evaluations and early warnings are issued according to the indicator requirements of relevant standards and codes.

(4) Construction Quality Monitoring

These technologies are applicable to quality monitoring during the construction of construction projects. Using BIM, big data, IoT, artificial intelligence, 3D laser scanning and other technologies, they perform intelligent data acquisition, data processing and interaction, together with the output and evaluation of monitoring results, for construction quality parameters such as concrete curing and M&E installation, helping on-site managers identify construction quality problems in a timely manner. Monitoring data are linked to the digital site management platform, where they are processed, stored and analyzed, and corresponding quantitative evaluations and early warnings are issued according to the indicator requirements of relevant standards and codes.

(5) Construction Environmental Monitoring

These technologies are applicable to environmental monitoring during the construction of construction projects. Using IoT, mobile internet, advanced monitoring and other technologies, they monitor, record, compile statistics on, analyze, evaluate and issue early warnings for environmental indicator data in real time, covering noise, dust, toxic and harmful gases, construction waste and sewage discharge during construction. Monitoring data are linked to the digital site management platform, where they are processed, stored and analyzed, and corresponding quantitative evaluations and early warnings are issued according to the indicator requirements of relevant standards and codes.

(6) Monitoring of Special Construction Machinery and Equipment

These technologies are applicable to the monitoring of special construction machinery and equipment on construction projects. Using IoT, mobile internet, advanced monitoring and other technologies, they monitor, record, compile statistics on, analyze, evaluate and issue early warnings for operating indicator data in real time, covering the position, fuel consumption, tilt angle, wind speed and load of special construction machinery and equipment such as cranes and dedicated motor vehicles used within sites and plants. Monitoring data are linked to the digital site management platform, where they are processed, stored and analyzed, and corresponding quantitative evaluations and early warnings are issued according to the indicator requirements of relevant standards and codes.

(7) Digital Archival Management of Engineering Records

These technologies are applicable to the digital management of records generated during the construction of construction projects. Using artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, IoT and other technologies, they enable rapid uploading and centralized storage and management of all types of engineering documents produced during construction. They provide functions such as archive creation and modification, automatic classification and filing, identification of erroneous or missing documents, collaborative processing, and retrieval and use, and the resulting archival files meet the acceptance requirements for construction project archives in Shenzhen.

(8) Smart On-site Fabrication

These technologies are applicable to construction projects that fabricate components such as reinforcement and M&E equipment automatically on site. By integrating intelligent processing equipment such as automatic welding robots, high-precision cutting devices and automatic spraying robots, automated production lines are established on the construction site or mobile micro-factories are deployed. They provide functions such as production planning, inventory management, equipment maintenance and quality control, achieving efficient on-site production and fabrication of certain project components.

IV. Smart O&M

(1) Digital-Twin-Based Smart O&M Platforms

These systems are applicable to smart O&M management for building, transportation, water and other engineering works. Based on as-built BIM models and using cloud computing, big data, GIS and other technologies, they are built on an IoT system architecture. Sensors, IoT routers and edge computing smart devices collect static and dynamic data on elements such as building spaces, personnel, M&E equipment, environment, energy consumption and security. The data are integrated and managed together with O&M assets, and through visual presentation the systems achieve scenario linkage between the real environment and the digital twin space, as well as resource dispatching, analysis and statistics, supporting the setup of multiple O&M management scenarios and the intelligent implementation of O&M strategies.

(2) Safety Monitoring of Existing Buildings and Municipal Infrastructure

These technologies are applicable to the safety monitoring of the main structures and curtain walls of existing building projects and of underground municipal pipelines. Using advanced monitoring technologies, they obtain the key parameters that characterize the safety performance of building main structures, curtain walls and underground municipal pipelines, uncover the mapping between monitoring data and safe operation, and establish safety condition assessment methods and early-warning indicator systems for main structures, curtain walls and underground municipal pipelines.

(3) Digital Building Energy O&M Management Systems

These systems are applicable to the dispatching and O&M of conventional and new energy sources in buildings. Using big data, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, smart terminals and other technologies, they provide real-time monitoring, early-warning screening, intelligent diagnosis, efficient dispatching and remote control of conventional energy equipment such as water supply, power supply and gas installations, as well as renewable energy equipment such as photovoltaic and wind power generation, achieving digital and intelligent O&M management of building energy and carbon emissions.

(4) Whole-Home Smart Systems

These systems are applicable to the intelligent management of and services in building spaces. Within a building space they use IoT, artificial intelligence and other technologies to apply whole-home smart products such as health and elderly care, smart security, smart lighting, life services and property services in residential and public buildings, achieving automation, digitization, networking and interconnection of household products.

(5) Smart Maintenance and Upkeep Equipment

This equipment is applicable to the intelligent management and maintenance of building, transportation, water and other engineering works. Using robotics, IoT, artificial intelligence and other technologies, and integrating control systems, perception systems, drive systems and mechanical systems, it provides data acquisition, human-machine coordination, natural interaction and autonomous learning functions, achieving intelligent inspection, upkeep and repair of building, transportation, water and other engineering works.

V. Construction Industry Internet Platforms

(1) Construction Project Management Platforms

These systems are applicable to whole-process digital management of construction projects. Using BIM, IoT, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, mobile internet and other technologies, they integrate resources across the upstream and downstream of the industry chain. Through real-time connectivity and intelligent matching, they digitally integrate the elements of every stage of a construction project, including design, procurement, production, transportation, construction and O&M, supporting integrated management with multi-party participation and collaborative linkage, and achieving collaborative information sharing, interconnected workflows, precise and scientific decision-making, and intelligent pre-emptive risk control.

(2) Industry Internet Platforms for Construction Worker Management

These systems are applicable to the management of construction workers on construction projects. Using BIM, big data, artificial intelligence, mobile internet and other technologies, they establish a supply-and-demand platform connecting construction workers with employers on construction projects. They provide functions such as recruitment management, employment management, payroll management and career guidance, achieving one-stop management of the recruitment and employment of construction workers on construction projects.

(3) Industry Internet Platforms for Tendering and Procurement

These systems are applicable to tendering and procurement services for materials, machinery and equipment on construction projects. Using cloud computing, big data, mobile internet and other technologies, they provide functions such as procurement plan management, supplier management, tendering and bidding management, contract management, logistics management, goods receipt and inspection management, and settlement management. They support online collaboration among the parties involved in contract performance, achieving one-stop tendering and procurement services for construction projects.

(4) Industry Internet Platforms for Construction Machinery and Equipment Leasing

These systems are applicable to the leasing of machinery and equipment for construction projects. Using IoT, cloud computing, big data, mobile internet and other technologies, and based on an internet leasing model, they provide fully online construction machinery and equipment leasing services with functions such as equipment leasing, IoT-based intelligent control of equipment, equipment health management and maintenance, and credit evaluation. They support real-time monitoring of the location and operating status of construction machinery and equipment, achieving remote health management and intelligent maintenance of equipment.

(5) Industry Internet Platforms for Interior Fit-out

These systems are applicable to whole-process management of interior fit-out on construction projects. Using IoT, cloud computing, big data, mobile internet and other technologies, they cover the upstream and downstream of the interior fit-out industry chain, including building materials, design, production, construction and O&M. They support online control of the whole process and provide functions such as component libraries, fit-out case studies, and whole-process collaborative management of construction projects.

(6) Information Platforms for Building Materials and Equipment

These systems are applicable to the information evaluation and management of building materials and equipment in construction projects. Using IoT, cloud computing, big data and other technologies, and according to the characteristics of building materials and equipment, they carry out quantitative evaluation and dynamic management of product classification and grading, provide purchasers with selection criteria and data support, and achieve intelligent analysis and forecasting of product price movements and industry development trends.

VI. Smart Construction Equipment

(1) Construction Robots

This equipment is applicable to operations and management on construction project sites. Focused on construction tasks that are hazardous, arduous, dirty and heavy, it provides data acquisition and communication, human-machine coordination, path planning, automatic navigation, automatic obstacle avoidance, natural interaction, autonomous learning and hazard early-warning functions, achieving human-robot collaboration. Examples include ground leveling robots, floor coating robots, wall spraying robots, wall panel installation robots, glass curtain wall installation robots, welding robots, rebar tying robots, inspection robots, concrete grinding robots, concrete vibration robots, handling robots and waterproof membrane installation robots.

(2) UAVs

This equipment is applicable to scenarios such as geological investigation, progress management, construction safety inspection, earthwork surveying and quality testing of existing construction works on construction projects. By mounting multiple sensors on the same flight platform and photographing surface features from vertical, oblique and other angles, it obtains complete and comprehensive information about those features and provides data acquisition, communication and processing functions. It enables the investigation, surveying, mapping and modeling of complex and high-risk terrain and geology, as well as the assessment of geological risks; the intuitive display of construction site progress; the inspection of safety behavior during construction; the rapid and accurate calculation of earthwork quantities for site leveling, excavation pit digging and backfilling; and the detection of quality problems in existing works, such as curtain wall damage and defects and facade cracks.

(3) Smart Surveying Equipment

This equipment is applicable to real-scene acceptance scenarios on construction projects such as setting out and as-built measurement. Using engineering surveying technologies such as laser measurement and point cloud scanning, smart surveying equipment performs setting out and as-built measurement for construction projects, with characteristics such as high efficiency, high precision, traceable data, easy maintenance and paperless surveying. In setting-out scenarios it achieves rapid measurement and accurate positioning to assist marking out; in as-built measurement scenarios it can quickly complete the on-site measurement of data such as flatness, verticality and squareness.

(4) Smart Machinery Equipment

This equipment is applicable to operations on construction project sites. By integrating traditional machinery and equipment with data processing, communication, control, sensor, network communication and power electronics technologies, it provides perception, analysis, reasoning, decision-making and control functions, and its data are linked to the digital site management platform. Examples include smart tower cranes, smart construction hoists, smart construction lifts, unmanned bulldozers, smart shield tunneling machines, smart shaft boring machines, smart transport vehicles, self-propelled modular platform trailers, smart weighbridges, unattended incremental launching equipment, smart compaction equipment, smart paving equipment and smart dust-suppression canopies for excavation pits.

(5) Integrated Smart Construction Equipment Platforms

This equipment is applicable to the smart construction of high-rise and super high-rise building projects whose structural facades have no major variations or complex lines. It mainly consists of a steel platform system, a supporting and jacking system, a power and control system, a formwork system, a hanging scaffold system and a safety protection system, and it integrates smart construction equipment, construction robots, IoT sensing devices, and equipment control and monitoring platforms to achieve repetitive and cyclic construction.

(6) 3D Printing Equipment

These technologies are applicable to customized production and construction on construction projects. By integrating technologies and equipment such as digital architectural design, robotic automatic control systems and special building materials, and by using extrusion-stacking processes, they achieve formwork-free construction and forming of building materials, in forms that include on-site in-place printing and prefabricated printing.

(7) High-Precision Remote Sensing Satellites

These technologies are applicable to the construction and O&M management of urban infrastructure. Using IoT sensing, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, they provide high-precision real-time positioning by remote sensing satellites, attitude measurement and orientation, and real-time positioning through multi-source data fusion, enabling applications such as pile foundation construction positioning, precise time synchronization for the structural health monitoring data of super high-rise buildings, positioning and navigation of building curtain wall safety hazards, and tracking of construction waste transport routes.

VII. Smart Regulation and Supervision

(1) Smart Supervision Platforms for Construction Projects

These systems are applicable to whole-life-cycle supervision and administration of construction projects by competent government authorities. Using BIM, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, they collect, store, analyze and issue early warnings on construction project data in order to build a data resource repository. This provides data support for supervision scenarios such as “one-network handling” of government services by the service center, “one-network management” of operations by the supervision center, and “one-network overview” of decision-making by the decision center, and it improves supervision efficiency through data fusion and business integration.

(2) Smart Permit Application and Approval Systems for Construction Projects

These systems are applicable to planning and construction permit approvals, construction drawing review, and completion acceptance filing for construction projects by competent government authorities. Using BIM, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, they review online the drawings and BIM models submitted by projects at the planning application, construction drawing review and completion acceptance stages. They provide functions such as assisted review of planning indicators, intelligent assisted review of construction drawings, and archiving of as-built drawings, effectively improving the efficiency of permit application and approval.

(3) Digital Supervision Technologies for Construction Sites

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      Zhuwei Architectural Technology is a new-type technical services company specializing in integrated design optimization, BIM consulting and prefabricated construction design consulting. Our team brings together senior engineers from leading design institutes, former executives of real-estate companies, BIM engineers and prefabrication engineers, delivering integrated design optimization, refined drawing review, BIM consulting with MEP detailing, and prefabricated design services.

      Design optimization consulting: Positioned as an extension and complement to the design management of real-estate developers, we focus on consulting and optimization for civil buildings. Across the whole process — or at key stages required by the client — we control the economy, rationality and safety of the design, eliminating unnecessary cost while measurably improving drawing quality, achieving "lower cost, higher efficiency".

      BIM consulting: Through digital construction technology we help designers reduce errors and improve quality in the design phase, help contractors save cost and plan high-quality MEP installation in the construction phase, and extend BIM models into facility management for the operation phase — in collaboration with mainstream software vendors.

      Prefabricated design consulting: Whole-process design on BIM platforms, using Revit and Tekla for PC detailing. Component geometry and reinforcement are linked parametrically — what you see is what you get. We deliver Industry 4.0-ready drawings with cut-length data for every rebar, and IoT-enabled support for production, storage, transport and installation of PC components.

      Our expert team comes from leading design institutes, with deep technical grounding and extensive experience in dual-track design and optimization; its technical capability and control are industry-leading.

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